Composite Aerogel Comprised of Sodium Alginate and Bentonite …
2.1. Characterization. The infrared spectra of sodium alginate, bentonite, and the composite aerogel were tested, and the results are shown in Figure 1.In the infrared spectrum of bentonite, 3631 cm −1 is the vibration peak of hydroxyl groups in Al-OH, 3435 cm −1 is the hydroxyl stretching vibration peak of Si-OH, and 1039, 799, 526, and 469 cm −1 are the …
Effect of filler water absorption on water swelling …
To develop the water swelling rubber from natural rubber, the addition of water absorption filler is needed. The study was aimed to formulate water swelling rubber from natural rubber filled with sodium polyacrylate (SA)/sodium bentonite clay (SBC) hybrid filler used to water absorbent. The filler loading was kept constantly at 150 phr.
Science and Composition of Bentonite Powder
1. Sodium Bentonite. Sodium bentonite is typically characterized by its high swelling capacity. When water is added to sodium bentonite, it expands significantly, forming a gel-like substance. This swelling is due to the exchange of sodium ions in the clay's structure. Sodium bentonite is often used in applications such as:
Multiporous microstructure for enhancing the water absorption …
In this article, we report a novel physical and chemical composite foaming system, which was used to successfully prepare high-performance and low-cost composite superabsorbent [poly(sodium acrylic acid) (PAA–Na)] hydrogels based on acrylic acid by free-radical polymerization in a water bath under a nitrogen atmosphere without the use of any …
Research Advances in Superabsorbent Polymers
The main reason for the water absorption is the osmotic pressure and the presence of numerous hydrophilic functional groups in the molecular chain [14,15], Their water absorption mechanism follows Flory's network theory, in which the osmotic pressure difference drives the water absorption and expansion . Water absorption by superabsorbent ...
Structural Modifications of Sodium Polyacrylate …
Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) can absorb a large amount of water and find broad applications in various industries. There are many reports on the synthesis and structural modification techniques to improve the water absorption property of SAPs. However, we see few studies on the comparison and integration of these techniques. In this study, three structurally …
Application of bentonite in cement-based composites: A …
It is a natural pozzolan [13] and is often categorized into sodium (high-swelling), calcium (low-swelling), and intermediate types containing both sodium ... Application of bentonite (BT) in cement-based materials. ... In GNAC mixes, the water absorption rates decreased by 2.5 %, 8 %, 14 %, and 18 % with 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % BT content ...
Comparison of swelling index test (a) calcium bentonite, and (b) sodium
Therefore, although both bentonite clays are swelling materials, the high tendency of water absorption from Na + ions in sodium bentonite makes it prone to absorbing relatively large amounts of ...
Preparation of composites and nanocomposites based on bentonite …
Figs. 3 and 4 show the swelling kinetics of the composites and the nanocomposites. These superabsorbents hydrogels exhibit a very high rate of swelling, so that their swelling time is measured to be less than 1 min. Moreover, the absorption rate for these gels in deionized water is higher than in saline solution (Figs. 3 and 4).
A critical review of sodium alginate-based composites in water …
Challenges and outlooks of sodium alginate-based composites in water treatment are proposed. ... achievements in the treatment of fertilizer wastewater. For instance, Xi et al. synthesized SA-immobilizing MgO-loaded bentonite (SA ... Benefiting from the porous structure and superb light absorption, the evaporation rate was 1.486 kg m −2 h − ...
Research PaperEvaluation and prediction of swelling properties of bentonite under the action of salt solution
The objectives of the laboratory tests were to determine the water absorption rate, swelling rate and cracking of the bentonite with respect to time at different conditions when a …
Preparation of superabsorbent resin with fast water absorption rate
The water absorption rates of PASS in distilled water, tap water, and 0.9 % NaCl solution were 682 g/g, 395 g/g, and 198 g/g, respectively, while the water absorption rates of the superabsorbent ...
Swelling Characteristics and Permeability of …
The generation of swelling-pressure in sodium-type bentonite is considered to be caused by increases in the distance between unit layers due to the absorption of large amounts of water between the layers of montmorillonite …
THE STUDY ON SWELLING INDEX OF SODIUM …
According to the practical application of geosynthetic clay liners, this paper studies the swelling index of sodium bentonite in solutions with different PH value such as --1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13, …
Materials Today: Proceedings
The high tendency of water absorption from Na+ ion in sodium montmorillonite makes it prone to absorb as much water ... Calcium bentonite vs sodium bentonite Bentonites are characterized based on ...
On swelling behaviours of a bentonite under different water …
This study starts from a question: how would initial water content (wi) affect equilibrium swelling pressure (peq) of compacted bentonites in swelling pressure tests (ps tests)? However, discussions based on experiments involving a bentonite, Kunigel V1 (K_V1), are extended to the following issues: (a) the effect of wi on peq; (b) pore water density (ρpw); (c) …
Sodium Bentonite vs. Calcium Bentonite: Key Differences, …
Bentonite clay, derived from volcanic ash, is a powerful natural substance with a wide array of industrial, environmental, and personal care applications. Two primary types of bentonite—sodium bentonite and calcium bentonite—have distinct properties, each making it suitable for different uses. Understanding these differences can help in selecting the right …
Mechanisms of crystalline swelling in bentonite buffer …
When water penetrated bentonite, swelling components such as Mt gradually swelled against the compression and friction between particles (Katti et al., 2009). During the …
Simulation of homogenization behavior of compacted bentonite …
In response to the hydraulic process, bentonite blocks undergo water absorption and swelling. Axially, the samples are nearly under constant volume conditions, while they initially experience a free swelling stage in the radial direction. The gaps within the samples progressively close with the onset of hydration (Fig. 1 b). At the filling ...
Calcium bentonite vs sodium bentonite: The potential of …
In contrast, calcium bentonite, which contains Ca 2+ ions, is less susceptible to water absorption, and is known as a lowswelling bentonite [32,33].
Plate Water Absorption as an Assessment Tool …
Dry and heated pellet compressive strengths of hematite pellets bonded with 1 kg/ton of starches with varying plate water absorption values. PWA measured at 25°C in distilled water via ASTM E946-92.
Preparation and swelling properties of hydrolysis-resistant
In this study the concentration of SH was varied in the range of 0.50–4.76 wt % based on total monomer content and the resulting hydrogels were investigated for the effect of SH on swelling and ...
Experimental study on the heat treatment reaction process of bentonite …
Compared with calcium bentonite, sodium bentonite has better chemical stability, dispersion properties, gelling properties, higher water absorption and expansion times and is more suitable for use ...
Bentonite | Properties, Formation, Uses » Geology Science
Sodium bentonite: This type of bentonite is also known as Wyoming bentonite and is the most commonly used type in drilling applications. It has a high swelling capacity and forms a thixotropic gel when hydrated, which makes it an effective sealing material in construction applications. ... thanks to its unique properties such as high water ...
Reinforced swelling and water-retention properties of super-absorbent
The water absorption performance of this SAH was researched in pure water under different temperature states and value of pH, respectively. The SAH can contain around 70% water after being exposed to the air for 3 days and the highest SR can exceed 5000 g/g. On the side, the SAH shows strong water absorption both in salt and urea solutions.
Swelling Characteristics and Permeability of Bentonite …
In this study, the effects of chemical factors on the swelling properties and permeability of bentonite-based materials were clarified based on one-dimensional swelling-pressure, …
Gel Stability of Calcium Bentonite Suspension in Brine and …
It ranks first in the world for bentonite production, which, however, is mainly low-grade calcium bentonite. Compared with sodium-based bentonite, calcium-based bentonite has poor water absorption properties, swelling capacity and cation exchange capacity; in addition, sodium-based bentonite has better dispersibility, suspension thixotropy ...
Minimizing the filtration loss of water-based drilling fluid …
Water-based drilling fluid is mainly composed of water, bentonite, polymers, salts and other components to maintain the required properties in drilling. Among the various properties, effective filtration control is important since a thin filter cake will form on the wellbore surface, which can avoid the filtrate leaking into the formation ...
Study on Preparation of Polymer-Modified Bentonite and …
2.1. Materials. Natural sodium bentonite (BT) was provided by Jilin Liufangzi bentonite technology company. It is a gray-white powder with a moisture content of 10%, a particle size of 75 μm, a blue absorption of 31.67 g/100 g, a montmorillonite content of 71.65%, a cation exchange capacity of 70.48 mmol/100 g, and a free swell index of 15 mL/2 g.
Hydrophobically modified low molecular weight polymers as …
The smaller the swelling rate of the clay sample is, the stronger the inhibition ability is indicated. Fig. 6 a shows the evolution of linear expansion rate with time for in gradient concentration of SDY solution at room temperature. The sodium-based bentonite swells rapidly in water and its swelling rate in water reached 68.33 % after 24 h.