Crystallization behavior of smelting slag for recovery of platinum
The base glass utilized in this study was derived from molten slag generated during the smelting process of recovering PGMs from SAC. The process is divided into two parts. On the one hand, PGM particles within the melt infiltrate the iron phase, engendering an alloy phase. On the other hand, these alloy phase particles undergo aggregation and ...
Data Analysis and Prediction Model for Copper Matte …
actual smelting data with machine learning, the data were processed and the information of smelting param-eters was extracted. The variation in the influence of each variable on the smelting results was obtained, and the smelting results were adjusted and optimized by changing the single-factor variables. The application of
Method and apparatus for recovering pgm and ferro-chrome from …
The molten slag is tapped from the smelting furnace (14) into an AC slag furnace (16), where iron and chromium are reduced to produce a ferrochrome alloy. ... and flux are charged to the AC fur ¬ nace to control the reduction reactions and to opti ¬ mize the amount and quality of slag. Typical ferro- chrome furnace operations comprise ...
Corrosion mechanisms of magnesia-chrome refractories in copper slag …
Magnesia-chrome refractories have been essential materials for application as wear lining in copper production furnaces for many years. Formation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has been a major concern despite its admirable corrosion resistance in copper slag. Magnesia-chrome refractory specimens (9, 12, 15 and 18 wt% Cr 2 O 3) with addition of Al 2 O …
Ferrochrome Slag/Chromite Smelting Slag Processing Line
The hardness of ferrochrome smelting slag is large, and most of the cost of processing ferrochrome slag lies in the crushing process, so reducing the loss of crushing process is the key to increase the profit. Ferrochrome Slag Processing Plant_201. Good treatment effect, no secondary pollution.
Reaction between Magnesia--Chrome Brick/Slag Interface by …
The direct iron ore smelting reduction (DIOS) process and an environmentally oriented steelmaking process arenow the subjects of research. The DIOS process will eliminate the ... In the present study, reaction of magnesia-chrome brick at slag-refractory interface by electric furnace static slag corrosion testing has been studied. The slag ...
Corrosion mechanism of magnesia-chrome and alumina-chrome refractories
Therefore, the corrosion mechanism of magnesia-chrome and alumina-chrome refractories in contact with FeO x-SiO 2-CaO-Al 2 O 3 smelting slag was experimentally studied in the range of 1300–1400 °C, in air (p O2 = 0.21 atm) and at p O2 = 10-7 atm. The results showed that refractory-component dissolution and new phases formation were the major ...
Ferrochrome smelting and smelting capacity investment in …
Zimbabwe Alloys Chrome, Gweru, Zimbabwe Keywords: Pyrometallurgy, ferrochrome, smelting, investment, Zimbabwe Abstract – Four smelting plants currently make up the ferrochrome smelting capacity in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Alloys and Zimasco represent more then ninety per cent of Zimbabwe's ferrochrome smelting capacity, while Maranatha and
Extraction of Valuable Metals from Luanshya Copper Smelting Slag …
Chemical analysis of various samples from Luanshya copper smelting slag has revealed high presence of chromium (more than 0.5 weight%). Chromium reported to the slag through two methods; (i) chemical attack between furnace lining (chrome–magnesite bricks) and molten slag and (ii) concentrate feed material.
Smelting chrome ore
Two factors in particular have been identified as having an influence on carbon content; the particle size of the ore, and the MgO/Al 2 0 3 of the slag. Smelting chrome ore 855 Low carbon levels are more readily attained with a lumpy, coarse ore and when the slag has a MgO/Al 2 0 3 ratio of approximately unity.
Fundamentals of Ferrochrome (FeCr) Alloy and Its Slag
Hence, ferrochrome slag is thought to be a useful raw material for production of high temperature insulation bricks, construction work using geopolymer made from chromium slag, etc. Therefore, R&D scientists are trying to find suitable uses for other applications. In this chapter, the fundamentals of ferrochrome slag chemistry are discussed.
(PDF) Research on the use of Ferro-Chrome slag in civil …
Ferrochrome slag is a by-product from the production of chrome. There are environmental and economic advantages in seeing slags as a potentially useful resource rather than as waste products.
Recovery of chromium from chromium-bearing slags produced in …
Chromium-bearing slags produced during the stainless-steel smelting (SSS) are important recyclable secondary resources. Recovery of chromium from these slags is not only …
A Sustainable Method for Chromium Recovery from Synthesized …
Waste silicon powder shows a promising and environmentally friendly reductant, compared to carbon, achieving the transformation of chromium from stainless steel slag to …
The Melting Behaviour of Chromite Ores and the Formation …
composition7 of the slag. It is evident that the reduction of the chromite ore takes place mainly in the softening zone, and not in the slag layer. By the time the mixture of initial slag and charge material moves downwards to the slag layer, the chromjum reduction is nearly complete. There is a small difference in slag composition with time.
Recycling Alumina–Chrome Refractory Brick from Scrap
The resistance to penetration by copper oxide slag makes alumina–chrome refractory brick a promising raw material source for the production of subsequent alumina–chrome refractories. When used in secondary copper furnaces, the primary failure mechanism for alumina–chrome refractory linings is mechanical in nature, leaving a substantial ...
Corrosion mechanism of magnesia-chrome and alumina-chrome …
Therefore, the corrosion mechanism of magnesia-chrome and alumina-chrome refractories in contact with FeOx-SiO2-CaO-Al2O3 smelting slag was experimentally studied in the range of 1300–1400 °C ...
Comprehensive Characterization of Ferrochrome Slag and …
By smelting chromite mineral, which contains chrome and iron oxides, in an electric arc furnace, ferrochrome is produced. Ferrochrome slag is a by-product generated during the extraction of ferrochrome whereas ferrochrome ash is a by-product of the ferroalloy industry. ... This slag is generated as a liquid at temperatures above 1600° C. Owing ...
Slag splashing furnace-protecting method for nickel-copper smelting
The invention relates to a method for the furnace maintenance of the slag splashing of the nickel-copper smelting converter, which belongs to the metallurgical field of the non-ferrous metal. The method is mainly characterized in that after magnesia-bearing slag is added into the nickel-copper converter, slag modifier is added into the slag in batches (such as soft burnt magnesium …
CN103602781A
The invention relates to a method for lowering chrome oxide in arc furnace slag in a stainless steel smelting process, which comprises the following steps: when the power supply amount reaches 53-55% of the total power supply amount, blowing oxygen for fluxing; (2) when the molten steel temperature reaches the tapping temperature after the scrap steel in the arc furnace is …
Optimization of Process Parameter for Smelting and …
Chromite ore having different Cr/Fe ratio were smelted in a 100 KVA submerge arc furnace (SAF) with low grade nut coke. The Cr/Fe ratio of the Chromite ore pellets were optimized with …
Spinel Removal from PGM Smelting Furnaces
Not only are the slag properties unsuitable for chrome removal, but the smelting rate drops off as the kWh/t energy requirement skyrockets. Slag skimming becomes messier, and metal losses to the slag increase dramatically. This becomes particularly significant in situations where no converter slag is returned, as the lack of iron in the slag
(PDF) Refractories for Copper Production
Tbe slag components, temperature and time are considered experimental variables. ... As part of a multi-year program for assessing the viability of chrome-free refractories in copper smelting ...
(PDF) DC Furnace Smelting of Ilmenite and Chromite: Future
• In chromite and slag smelting an alloy is the target, whereas in ilmenite smelting the slag is the main pr oduct and pig iron a by-product. • In all cases iron oxides are reduced, but:
Emission reduction research and formation of hexavalent …
In this paper, by studying the enrichment form of chromium in stainless-steel slag and the formation mechanism of hexavalent chromium, the cooling system and the content of …
A critical review of the material characteristics, utilizations
Ferrochrome slag is a common industrial solid waste produced during the smelting of chromite in submerged arc furnaces [8].In the current production process, for every 1 ton of ferrochrome alloy manufactured, approximately 2.5 tons to 2.6 tons of chromite are consumed, resulting in the production of 1 ton to 1.2 tons of ferrochrome slag [9], [10]. ...
Comprehensive Characterization of Ferrochrome Slag and …
By smelting chromite mineral, which contains chrome and iron oxides, in an electric arc furnace, ferrochrome is produced. Ferrochrome slag is a by-product generated during the …
Corrosion of magnesia–chrome brick in molten MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–CaO–FetO slag
The corrosion of the magnesia–chrome bricks with the molten slag in direct iron ore smelting reduction (DIOS) has been studied by Tao et al. [8] who have demonstrated the reactions of magnesia or magnesia–chrome refractories with molten CaO–SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 –Fe t O slag [9] and the local corrosion at the slag–metal interface [2].
DC Ferrochrome Smelting: The Arcing Zone and Its Influence
This investigation is also relevant to other open-bath processes with fumable oxides, for example in smelting of ferronickel, titania slag, direct reduced iron, or even iron ore. ... Ferrochrome (FeCr) is produced from chrome-containing ore that has the generalized mineralogy (Fe,Mg)O (cdot text{(Al,Cr,Fe)}_{2}text{O}_{3}). Gangue material ...
Corrosion behavior of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO-Cr2O3 slag on …
There is a lack of reports on the influence of basicity on the erosion of magnesia refractory brick by CaO- MgO-Al 2 O 3-SiO 2-Cr 2 O 3 slag for the smelting of chromite. With the conversion of high-carbon ferrochrome slag to CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3-SiO 2-Cr 2 O 3 slag. The effect of basicity on slag erosion should be paid more attention.